後黃帶歧角螟(Endotricha metacuralis)是螟蛾科(Pyralidae)螟蛾亞科(Pyralinae)的成員,目前僅知分布於臺灣(Whalley, 1961)。本種的身體主要為黃褐色,頭頂為黃色,前翅翅基到內線為黃褐色,內線為黃色,靠前緣膨大成黃斑,有些個體黃斑會向亞外緣線延伸,內線到亞外緣線之間為黃褐色底夾雜紫紅色鱗片,中室頂端有黑色弦月斑,亞外緣線為淡黃色,外緣線黑色,靠臀角處不連續,緣毛主要為黃色,在頂角與M2-CuA1之間為黑色,後翅為紫紅色底,內線與外線為黑色,中間有鮮黃色帶,惟個體間的寬窄與形狀略有變異,外緣有黑色短緣毛和黃色長緣毛。臺灣歧角螟屬(Endotricha)的介紹可參考本網誌的另外三篇文章─寬黃帶歧角螟、黃帶歧角螟和欖綠歧角螟。後黃帶歧角螟目前尚未發現近似種,前翅的黃色內線與後翅的黃色帶是很明顯的辨識特徵,故中文名以後翅具寬黃帶的特徵取名為後黃帶歧角螟,傅建明和左漢榮(2004)在鞍馬山的蛾2一書中圖版37所示的Endotricha olivacealis即為本種的誤鑑定。根據目前標本檢視與網路上停棲照資訊,本種主要發生於臺灣中海拔山區,圖中雄性個體來自奧萬大,2014年3月,雌性個體則來自梅峰農場,2013年5月。
A Brief Introduction
Endotricha metacuralis represents one of the 10 Endotricha species and is known to be distributed in Taiwan only up to date. The yellow line on the forewing and yellow band on the hindwing are two major diagnostic characters of this species and share with no other species in Taiwan.
References
傅建明和左漢榮,2004。鞍馬山的蛾2。台中縣鄉土自然研究學會。263頁。
Whalley PES, 1961. A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of natural History (Entomology) 13(11): 395-454, pls. 1–37.
2016年3月20日 星期日
2016年3月14日 星期一
Carpatolechia nephomicta (Meyrick, 1932)
Carpatolechia nephomicta是旋蛾科/麥蛾科(Gelechiidae)旋蛾亞科(Gelechiinae)Litini族的成員,分布於日本與朝鮮半島南部,臺灣則是尚未正式紀錄的產地。本種的身體為灰褐色與黃褐色鱗片交雜,前翅底色為黃褐色與灰褐色交雜,前緣約1/2處有一塊黑色梯形斑,靠翅基處有一條黑色寬斜帶,後翅頂角凸出,灰褐色底,無其他翅紋。Carpatolechia在全世界共記錄約16種,主要分布於歐洲與亞洲,與Pseudotelphusa、Teleiodes和Neotelphusa非常近似,在外觀上無法區別,僅能依靠雄蟲生殖器判斷歸屬於何類群。該屬雖然在臺灣目前僅記錄1種─C. flavipunctatella,然而臺灣的旋蛾科已知物種屬級變動仍待釐清,因此物種總數可能還有變動。此外,Carpatolechia nephomicta在Sakamaki (2013)的研究中被處理為Pseudotelphusa,惟作者語帶保留,認為屬級地位仍有待釐清,本文參考Park & Ponomarenko (2007)與Lee & Brown (2008)對屬級的定義後,採用Park & Ponomarenko (2007)的分類處理,將本種視為Carpatolechia下的一員。此外,本屬的族級地位在Lee & Brown (2008)的研究中被處理為Teleiodini,本文亦先採用Park & Ponomarenko (2007)的分類處理,待未來分類架構穩定後再做修正。C. nephomicta的翅紋與C. nigrifasciata目前無法區分,必須借由生殖器解剖才能鑑定,雖然後者目前尚未於臺灣被發現,但無法排除存在的可能性。圖中的個體採於尖台林道,2013年5月採。
A Brief Introduction
Carpatolechia nephomicta, originally distributed in Japan and southern Korea, is a gelechid species new and recorded in Taiwan fauna. Carpatolechia shows close affinity with Pseudotelphusa, Teleiodes and Neotelphusa. Here, the taxonomic status proposed by Park & Ponomarenko (2007) is followed. Carpatolechia nephomicta shares very similar wing pattern with C. nigrifasciata, and it is difficult to tell them apart except comparison of male and female genitalia.
References
Lee S & Brown RL, 2008. Revision of holarctic Teleiodini (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Zootaxa 1818: 1-55.
Park KT & Ponomarenko MG, 2007. Gelechiidae of the Korean Peninsula and Adjacent Territories (Lepidoptera). In Pakr KT (eds), Insects of Korea, series 12. 312pp. (P.112)
Sakamaki Y, 2013. Gelechiidae. in Hirowatari T, Nasu Y, Sakamaki Y & Kishida Y (eds), The Standard of Moths in Japan III. Japan: Gakken Education. 359pp.
A Brief Introduction
Carpatolechia nephomicta, originally distributed in Japan and southern Korea, is a gelechid species new and recorded in Taiwan fauna. Carpatolechia shows close affinity with Pseudotelphusa, Teleiodes and Neotelphusa. Here, the taxonomic status proposed by Park & Ponomarenko (2007) is followed. Carpatolechia nephomicta shares very similar wing pattern with C. nigrifasciata, and it is difficult to tell them apart except comparison of male and female genitalia.
References
Lee S & Brown RL, 2008. Revision of holarctic Teleiodini (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Zootaxa 1818: 1-55.
Park KT & Ponomarenko MG, 2007. Gelechiidae of the Korean Peninsula and Adjacent Territories (Lepidoptera). In Pakr KT (eds), Insects of Korea, series 12. 312pp. (P.112)
Sakamaki Y, 2013. Gelechiidae. in Hirowatari T, Nasu Y, Sakamaki Y & Kishida Y (eds), The Standard of Moths in Japan III. Japan: Gakken Education. 359pp.
2016年3月6日 星期日
Endotricha similata (Moore, 1888) 尖突歧角螟
尖突歧角螟(Endotricha similata)是螟蛾科(Pyralidae)螟蛾亞科(Pyralinae)的成員,分布於緬甸、中國、臺灣、印度與斯里蘭卡(Wang & Li, 2005)。本種的身體為紅褐色,腹部末端為黃色,前翅基部到內線為黑褐色,內線為白色,內線至亞外緣線為紅褐色底,靠前緣與內線有黃色斑,沿前緣有米黃色小斑點,亞外緣線內側為黑色,外側為白色,於M2-M3之間內凹,M3-CuA2之間向外突出,亞外緣至外緣為紫紅色,外緣為黑色不連續短線,緣毛於M3-CuA2為黑色,其餘為黃色,後翅基部到內線為黑褐色,內線為白色,內線至外線為灰褐色底,外線為黑-白-黑組成,外線至外緣為紫紅色底帶有黑色鱗片,外緣為黑色不連續短線,緣毛於CA1-CuA2為黑色,其餘為黃色。臺灣歧角螟屬(Endotricha)的介紹可參考本網誌的另外三篇文章─寬黃帶歧角螟、黃帶歧角螟和欖綠歧角螟。尖突歧角螟、黃帶歧角螟與欖綠歧角螟的翅紋近似,可由以下特徵與後兩種加以區別:1.前翅亞外緣線於M3內凹;2.後翅於CuA2有明顯的折角,使後翅外觀上看起來較其他種類更接近梯形。尖突歧角螟在過去的研究裡(Whalley, 1961; Yamanaka, 1992)的研究裡並未提到產於臺灣,直到Wang & Li (2005)對中國歧角螟屬的綜論研究中才提到,然而未有標本引證紀錄。根據目前的資料,本種在臺灣主要產於中高海拔山區,圖中個體來自高雄市桃源區天池,2015年11月。
A Brief Introduction
Endotricha similata was first recorded in Taiwan in the study of Wang & Li (2005). This species shares similar wing pattern with E. mesenterialis & E. olivacealis, and could be identified by the following characters: 1. subterminal line curved inward in M3 vein; 2. termen of hindwing curved in CuA2 strongly.
References
Wang SS & Li HH, 2005. A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Pyralinae) in China. Insect Science 12: 297-305.
Whalley PES, 1961. A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of natural History (Entomology) 13(11): 395-454, pls. 1–37.
Yamanaka H, 1992. Pyralidae. In Heppner JB & Inoue H. (eds.), Lepidoptera of Taiwan: Vol. 1 Part 2: Checklist. Scientific Publishers Inc., Gainesville, USA.
A Brief Introduction
Endotricha similata was first recorded in Taiwan in the study of Wang & Li (2005). This species shares similar wing pattern with E. mesenterialis & E. olivacealis, and could be identified by the following characters: 1. subterminal line curved inward in M3 vein; 2. termen of hindwing curved in CuA2 strongly.
References
Wang SS & Li HH, 2005. A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Pyralinae) in China. Insect Science 12: 297-305.
Whalley PES, 1961. A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of natural History (Entomology) 13(11): 395-454, pls. 1–37.
Yamanaka H, 1992. Pyralidae. In Heppner JB & Inoue H. (eds.), Lepidoptera of Taiwan: Vol. 1 Part 2: Checklist. Scientific Publishers Inc., Gainesville, USA.
2016年3月5日 星期六
Endotricha mesenterialis (Walker, 1859) 黃帶歧角螟
黃帶歧角螟(Endotricha mesenterialis)是螟蛾科(Pyralidae)螟蛾亞科(Pyralinae)的成員,分布於中國、日本、緬甸、馬來西亞、印尼、印度與斯里蘭卡(Whalley, 1961; 李后魂等, 2009)。本種的身體紫紅色到深褐色,前翅翅基到內線為黑褐色,內線為白色,內線到亞外緣線主要為紅褐色到紫紅色,有些個體會有程度不同的黃斑,變異甚大,亞外緣線內側為白色,外側為黑色,鋸齒狀,亞外緣線至外緣為紫紅色,外緣線為黑色,頂角下方與CuA1-臀角的緣毛為黃色,後翅基部到內線為黑褐色,內線為白色,內線到外線主要為紅褐色到紫紅色,有些個體會有程度不同的黃斑,變異甚大,外線為白色,外線至外緣為紫紅色,外緣線為黑色,緣毛為黃色。歧角螟屬(Endotricha)的雄蟲一般肩片發達,會向後延伸到腹部,而黃帶歧角螟更是本屬裡特別發達的種類。本屬的其他介紹可參考本網誌的另外兩篇文章─寬黃帶歧角螟和欖綠歧角螟。在臺灣,黃帶歧角螟與欖綠歧角螟的翅紋非常近似,且變異都甚大,雖然李后魂等(2009)曾提及後者無黃色個體,然而筆者在檢視特有生物研究保育中心的標本並解剖比較後發現臺灣兩種皆同時具有黃色斑紋且變異程度不一的個體,因此是否具備黃斑無法用於區分兩物種。根據筆者目前的比對結果,兩種僅能藉由以下兩個特徵約略區分:1.大小:黃帶歧角螟雄蟲展翅寬17-18mm,雌蟲14-15mm,欖綠歧角螟雄蟲展翅寬14-18mm,雌蟲15-20mm;2.後翅翅紋:黃帶歧角螟的內線與外線之間距離較欖綠歧角螟窄,且靠前緣處未向外擴張。即使如此,仍有少數個體無法從上述兩個特徵判斷,必須藉由生殖器比較才能確定,遑論直接由停棲照辨識。黃帶歧角螟被分為三個亞種(Whalley, 1961),然而Whalley並未指定臺灣產族群為何亞種,而該亞種處理也未被後續中國與日本的相關文獻接受,因此本文暫時不使用亞種名,惟根據地理位置判斷,臺灣產族群應歸屬於原名亞種。圖中個體採自宜蘭縣南澳鄉,2013年12月。
A Brief Introduction
Endotricha mesenterialis represents one of the 10 Endotricha species in Taiwan and shares very similar wing pattern with E. olivacealis. It is hard to distinguish E. mesenterialis from E. olivacealis by just a simple photo, and the genitalia comparison is necessary for identification.
References
Whalley PES, 1961. A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of natural History (Entomology) 13(11): 395-454, pls. 1–37.
李后魂、任應黨、張丹丹、杜喜翠、李衛春和尤平,2009。河南昆蟲誌:鱗翅目:螟蛾總科。440頁。北京:科學出版社。(P.55)
A Brief Introduction
Endotricha mesenterialis represents one of the 10 Endotricha species in Taiwan and shares very similar wing pattern with E. olivacealis. It is hard to distinguish E. mesenterialis from E. olivacealis by just a simple photo, and the genitalia comparison is necessary for identification.
References
Whalley PES, 1961. A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of natural History (Entomology) 13(11): 395-454, pls. 1–37.
李后魂、任應黨、張丹丹、杜喜翠、李衛春和尤平,2009。河南昆蟲誌:鱗翅目:螟蛾總科。440頁。北京:科學出版社。(P.55)
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